• Bufuralol Hydrochloride in Human iPSC-Derived Organoid Ph...

  2025-09-22

  Explore how Bufuralol hydrochloride, a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, is advancing cardiovascular pharmacology research using cutting-edge human iPSC-derived intestinal organoid models. This article reviews mechanistic insights and practical considerations for β-adrenergic modulation studies.

• Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Assay Kit for Mechanistic Cel...

  2025-09-19

  Explore how the Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Assay Kit advances early apoptosis detection and mechanistic studies of cell death pathways, with applications in chemoresistance research and cancer biology.

• SM-164 as an IAP Antagonist: New Perspectives in Apoptosi...

  2025-09-18

  Explore the mechanistic advances of SM-164, a bivalent Smac mimetic and potent IAP antagonist for cancer therapy. This article delivers a rigorous analysis of SM-164’s role in modulating apoptosis, integrating current research on IAP inhibition and emerging apoptotic signaling pathways.

• Adiponectin also works on AdipoR inducing

  2025-03-03

  

  Adiponectin also works on AdipoR1, inducing extracellular Ca2+ influx necessary for activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK)β, AMPK (Fig. 1). This step is then followed by activation of SirT1 and increased expression and decreased acetylation of PPARγ coactivator (PGC)-1

• elastase br Discussion Here we focused on seven plant alkalo

  2025-03-03

  

  Discussion Here, we focused on seven plant alkaloids extracted from yokukansan. These alkaloids individually inhibited 5-HT-mediated 5-HT3A and 5-HT3AB receptor currents weakly. Simultaneous administration of these alkaloids, however, inhibited the 5-HT3A and 5-HT3AB receptor currents strongly. T

• The nAChR has been considered an

  2025-03-03

  

  The α7 nAChR has been considered an interesting potential target for numerous therapeutic indications over the last two decades, with GTS-21 one of the first candidates proposed for Alzheimer's disease [2], [3], [23]. Unfortunately, although many α7-selective agonists have been developed [21], none

• Autocrine regulations of several adipokines

  2025-03-01

  

  Autocrine regulations of several adipokines (e.g., leptin and resistin) on adipocytes have been reported (Karastergiou and Mohamed-Ali, 2010, Ye et al., 2010). Several lines of evidence have shown that apelin influences adipocyte functions, such as, lipolysis and glucose uptake (Dray et al., 2008, Y

• br The role of apelin in respiratory diseases At present

  2025-03-01

  

  The role of apelin in respiratory diseases At present, several scientific studies have suggested that the apelin/APJ system may play an important role in the development of pulmonary diseases (Table 4). For example, in an experiment on rats suffering from acute lung injury, apelin-13 decreases th

• MiR has already been implicated in the protective effects of

  2025-03-01

  

  MiR-21 has already been implicated in the protective effects of Res on lung fibrosis, but the molecular mechanisms are underexplored. Our results showed a clear increase of activation protein 1 (AP-1) activity after TGF-β treatment, which was suppressed by Res in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting

• Despite the absence of disulfide bonds in

  2025-03-01

  

  Despite the absence of disulfide bonds in its linear structure, KT43C displays antifungal and antibacterial activity. Disulfide bonds are determinants of defensins' integrity and have been reported to increase the antimicrobial activity (Jenssen et al., 2006). However, some linear derivatives of AMP

• A candidate protein for the regulation of

  2025-03-01

  

  A candidate protein for the regulation of AMPAR transport is CaMKII, a Ca2+-dependent kinase with diverse cellular functions. With respect to synaptic transmission, CaMKII is recognized as a key synaptic protein that is required to modify the number of synaptic AMPARs in response to LTP and LTD stim

• br Concluding remarks Enhanced membrane binding upon calcium

  2025-03-01

  

  Concluding remarks Enhanced membrane binding upon calcium stimulation in ethinyl estradiol and etonogestrel suggests a pre-requisite step that involves a conformational change in LOX. This might facilitate it to tether to the membrane and regulate enzyme activity. The calcium binding loops and t

• The role of circulating physiologic

  2025-03-01

  

  The role of circulating physiologic concentrations of FGF21 in glucose metabolism, however, remains unclear. Circulating FGF21 levels in obese and diabetic rodents, and in patients with type 2 diabetes are significantly higher than those in controls without diabetes [4], [5], [6]. On the other hand,

• Furthermore stress hormones can indirectly induce

  2025-03-01

  

  Furthermore, stress hormones can indirectly induce DNA damage, for example by altering DNA repair and transcriptional regulation of the cell cycle. It has been found that stress hormones induce the up-regulation of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) and proto-oncogene cell div

• br Concluding remarks ROP is a major cause

  2025-03-01

  

  Concluding remarks ROP is a major cause of childhood blindness in the world. Current pharmacological therapy focus on anti-VEGF strategy, but this strategy is associated with the unintended effects on delayed eye growth and retinal vasculature development of preterm infants. Preclinical studies u

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