• Little information is available regarding the expression

  2020-07-01

  

  Little information is available regarding the expression of the different EP receptor subtypes on human monocytic cells, particularly those that are involved in downregulating cytokine production. The receptors are controlled by the respective genes for each receptor i.e. PTGER1–PTGER4 for EP1–EP4 r

• br DDR mediated signaling DDRs initiate signaling pathways i

  2020-07-01

  

  DDR-mediated signaling DDRs initiate signaling pathways in a context and cell type-dependent manner. For instance, DDR1 was reported to activate ERK in vascular smooth muscle fbpase (Lu et al., 2011), to inhibit ERK in mesangial cells (Curat and Vogel, 2002), and to have no effect on ERK activat

• br Material and methods br Results

  2020-07-01

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion The results show for the first time that DDRs may be involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases. We found that DDR1 and DDR2 levels are up-regulated in post-mortem AD and PD brains, suggesting that these receptors play a role

• br Conclusions br Introduction The terms endocrine active an

  2020-07-01

  

  Conclusions Introduction The terms endocrine active and endocrine disruptive have been used to describe an ever-expanding list of naturally-occurring and synthetic compounds that interact with mammalian hormonal systems, and in particular, the reproductive system. These compounds have been ass

• Protein degradation via UPP involves two steps

  2020-07-01

  

  Protein degradation via UPP involves two steps. One step is the conjugation of multiple ubiquitin to a substrate. The other step is the degradation of tagged protein by the downstream 26S proteasome complex. Protein ubiquitination is the E1–E2–E3 enzymatic cascade (Hershko & Ciechanover, 1998). E1-a

• br Localization of D receptors in striatum One characteristi

  2020-07-01

  

  Localization of D2 receptors in striatum One characteristic of D2Rs that has complicated their study is their expression in multiple neuronal populations within striatum, both pre- and postsynaptically (Beaulieu and Gainetdinov, 2011). In addition to spiny projection neurons (SPNs), which are the

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We thank

  2020-07-01

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank Geneviève Almouzni, Sophie Polo, Ralph Scully, Wael Mansour, and Jeremy Stark for providing cell lines and Wolf Heyer, Haico van Attikum, Martijn Luijsterburg, and Brendan Price for helpful discussions. We thank Ratna Weimer, Bettina Basso, Christel Braun,

• Diacylglycerol kinase was one of the hits identified

  2020-07-01

  

  Diacylglycerol kinase was one of the hits identified from the RNAi screen. Diacylglycerol kinases are conserved across a Chloroquine of species with more complex, multicellular organisms possessing several DGKs with differing protein domains, expression patterns and functions [61], [62], [63]. Some

• br How does DDR receptor

  2020-07-01

  

  How does DDR2 receptor activated to induce Osteoarthritis Alternation of joints by mechanical stress produces microcracks and deterioration of natural pores in subchondral bone provides GSA 10 for cross talk through diffusion of small molecules [26,27]. At early stage of OA, chondrocytes in the

• The only in vivo evidence for a role

  2020-07-01

  

  The only in vivo evidence for a role of DDR2 in fibrotic disease showed that DDR2 knockout mice exhibited exaggerated severity of chronic hepatic fibrosis. Although a previous in vitro study has demonstrated that DDR2 promotes lung fibroblast proliferation and migration, till now it remains unclear

• br Author contributions br Conflicts

  2020-06-30

  

  Author contributions Conflicts of interest Introduction Current the 5-year survival rates for lung and pancreatic cancers are 18% and 8%, respectively. These low survival rates are partially because of the late diagnosis of one-half of cases, in which 5-year survival decrease to 4% and 3%,

• br Substrate Specificity Discrimination and Binding Energy

  2020-06-30

  

  Substrate Specificity, Discrimination, and Binding Energy In Gap19 to catalytic efficiency, which can be gauged in reference to an absolute scale of ‘catalytic perfection’ 10, 11, specificity is a relative concept because it requires comparison between given alternative substrates. In fact, spec

• Both meiotic COs and NCOs

  2020-06-30

  

  Both meiotic COs and NCOs require DNA synthesis, current data from sequencing also suggest that COs require more DNA synthesis than NCO 63., 64., 65.. However, analysis of the role of DNA synthesis in NCOs remains relatively uncharacterized. Emerging evidence points to a role for either Polδ or Pol

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion We

  2020-06-30

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion We confirmed the published cDNA and protein sequence of feline CSF-1R and stably cloned the cat receptor into the Ba/F3 cell line. Activation of feline CSF-1R by recombinant human CSF-1 was previously tested by Woolford et al. [14]. Expression of onc

• The first example of a broadly

  2020-06-29

  

  The first example of a broadly-acting antiviral drug is ribavirin, a nucleoside analogue that was proposed to act directly at the level of the viral polymerase, although an indirect effect via inhibition of the host-cell IMP dehydrogenase and depletion of the GTP pool seems more plausible [9]. Anoth

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